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1.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 42(1)abr. 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1441377

RESUMO

La Aspirina es una droga ampliamente utilizada con un protagonismo indiscutido en el escenario de la prevención secundaria. Sin embargo, el rol de este medicamento en prevención primaria es aún motivo de discusión. Los primeros ensayos que evaluaron la Aspirina en prevención primaria sugerían reducciones en el infarto agudo al miocardio y el accidente cerebrovascular -aunque no en la mortalidad- con un riesgo no despreciable de hemorragia mayor. Esto llevó a diversas sociedades científicas a recomendar su prescripción sólo en aquellos individuos con alto riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares. Desde el año 2018 en adelante, surgen diversos ensayos aleatorizados que han cuestionado estas indicaciones, mostrando beneficios clínicos muy discretos o ausentes. El objetivo de esta revisión es realizar un análisis histórico de la evidencia sobre el rol de la Aspirina en prevención primaria y resumir las recomendaciones actuales en este escenario.


Aspirin is widely used with a clear role in secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. However, its benefit in primary prevention is still a matter of discussion. The first trials evaluating Aspirin for primary prevention suggested reductions in acute myocardial infarction and stroke (although not in mortality) but with a non-negligible risk of major bleeding. This led to aspirin being recommended by various scientific societies, albeit limited to individuals at high risk of cardiovascular events. Since 2018 various randomized trials in primary prevention showed minimal or no beneficial effects of aspirin thus questioning its indication for this purpose. The aim of this review is to make an historical analysis of the evidence for the role of Aspirin in primary prevention and suggest modified recommendations for these subjects.

2.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 41(1): 19-27, abr. 2022. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388109

RESUMO

RESUMEN: ANTECEDENTES: La valvuloplastía aórtica es un procedimiento paliativo o como puente al reemplazo aórtico percutáneo o quirúrgico. Nuestro abordaje incluye una técnica minimalista y la utilización de balones de mayor tamaño que lo estándar. OBJETIVO: Evaluar los resultados clínicos inmediatos y alejados de pacientes tratados mediante esta técnica modificada. MÉTODOS: Se incluyó a todos los pacientes sometidos a balonplastía aórtica entre Julio del 2012 y Agosto del 2019 en nuestro centro. El procedimiento se realizó bajo sedación consciente mediante un único acceso femoral y sin instalación de un marcapasos transitorio. El éxito de la intervención se definió como caída de gradiente basal en 50% o más en ausencia de complicación mayor. RESULTADOS: Se realizaron un total de 52 procedimientos en 49 pacientes. La edad promedio fue 76 ± 9,9 años. Un tercio de los pacientes tenía una fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo ≤35% y similar proporción tenía un perfil de riesgo STS score > 10 puntos. La duración total promedio fue de 31,1 + 10,0 min. Se utilizó un balón #28 en el 84.6% de los casos. El éxito del procedimiento se alcanzó en 94,2% de los casos. Ocurrieron 2 muertes intraoperatorias (3,9%), ambas en pacientes de muy alto riesgo y 2 (3,9%) complicaciones vasculares mayores. La sobreviva en el seguimiento alejado fue 32,7%. CONCLUSIÓN: La valvuloplastia aórtica percutánea con técnica modificada, utilizando balones de mayor tamaño que lo habitual, es una técnica segura que logra óptimos resultados hemodinámicos.


ABSTRACT: Aortic balloon valvuloplasty (ABV) is a palliative procedure or a bridge to percutaneous or surgical aortic valve replacement. Our group proposes a minimalist approach that reduces the use of resources and also stands out for using larger balloons. AIM: To assess the safety and the immediate results of patients undergoing aortic balloon valvuloplasty using a minimally invasive procedure. METHODS: All patients who underwent ballon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) between July 2012 and Au- gust 2019 were included. The procedure was performed under conscious sedation using a single femoral access and without the installation of a temporary pacemaker. Success was defined as a 50% drop in the mean aortic gradient plus the absence of major complications. RESULTS: 52 procedures in 49 patients were performed; the average age was 76 ± 9,9 years. A third of patients included had a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35% and a similar proportion had a high risk profile with an STS score> 10 points. A 28 mm balloon was used in 84.6% of cases. The procedure was successful in 94,2% of cases. There were 2 (3,85%) intraoperative deaths in very high-risk patients and 2 (3,85%) major vascular complications. The survival rate at late follow up was 32,7%. CONCLUSION: Aortic balloon valvuloplasty with a minimally invasive technique using larger than usual balloons is a safe technique that achieves optimal hemodynamic results.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Valva Aórtica/fisiopatologia , Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Valvuloplastia com Balão/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sedação Consciente/métodos , Valvuloplastia com Balão/efeitos adversos , Contraindicações de Procedimentos
3.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 40(2): 139-147, ago. 2021. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388090

RESUMO

RESUMEN: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares, particularmente la enfermedad coronaria (EC), resultan de especial interés y preocupación en pacientes portadores del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). La ateromatosis acelerada como causa del aumento de prevalencia de enfermedad coronaria ha sido reconocida desde hace varios años en estos pacientes. No obstante, los mecanismos fisiopatológicos involucrados son múltiples y complejos e incluyen factores virales, la respuesta inflamatoria e inmunológica desencadenada por el virus, factores de riesgo cardiovascular tradicionales y efectos de la terapia antirretroviral combinada. Esta revisión de la literatura aborda dichos mecanismos y hace una actualización de los principales estudios clínicos que los sustentan. Se comenta además la evaluación de riesgo cardiovascular y los lineamientos para la revascularización de pacientes con EC portadores de VIH.


ABSTRACT: Cardiovascular diseases, particularly coronary artery disease are relevant in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). For several years accelerated atheromatosis, a cause of increased prevalence in coronary disease, has been recognized in these patients. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms involved are multiple and complex, including viral factors, the inflammatory and immune response triggered by the virus, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and the effects of combined antiretroviral therapy. This review of the literature addresses these mechanisms and updates the main clinical studies that support them. Cardiovascular risk assessment and guidelines for revascularization of HIV patients with CHD are also discussed.


Assuntos
Humanos , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/complicações , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/fisiopatologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/terapia , Infecções por HIV/fisiopatologia , Infecções por HIV/terapia , Fatores de Risco
4.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 40(2): 96-103, ago. 2021. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388095

RESUMO

RESUMEN: Introducción: La evaluación de lesiones coronarias mediante Reserva de Flujo Fraccional (FFR), es de elección para determinar su significancia funcional en el laboratorio de hemodinamia. La razón de flujo cuantitativo (Quantitative Flow Ratio, QFR) es una nueva técnica no invasiva para la evaluación de la significancia funcional de una estenosis coronaria, basada en el análisis de flujo a partir de la coronariografía diagnóstica, sin necesidad de hiperemia ni de la introducción de insumos adicionales. Objetivo: evaluar la correlación y valor predictivo del QFR comparado con FFR. Métodos: se seleccionaron arterias que contaban con medición de FFR realizados en nuestro centro y se analizó retrospectivamente el QFR a partir de las coronariografías de dichos estudios. Se excluyó lesiones de tronco y lesiones ostiales. La medición de FFR fue realizada con guía de presión ubicada distal al segmento afectado, mediante hiperemia con adenosina intracoronaria o intravenosa en infusión. Para el análisis de QFR se utilizan 2 proyecciones angiográficas ortogonales del vaso a interrogar con una separación de más de 25º entre ellas; ambas proyecciones deben coincidir en el eje para un correcto análisis. El análisis fue realizado por dos operadores, ciegos al resultado del FFR, utilizando el software QAngioXA (Medis ®, Netherland). Resultados: se analizaron 35 arterias, 57,1% Descendente Anterior (ADA), 20% Circunfleja (ACF) y 20% Derecha (ACD). El FFR promedio fue de 0,83±0,092 y 34,2% tuvieron como resultado un FFR ±0,80. El análisis retrospectivo del QFR se pudo realizar en 27 arterias; en las 8 restantes (22,9%) no fue posible su realización, ya sea por imágenes insuficientes o falta de perpendicularidad del segmento. El QFR promedio fue de 0,81±0,118. Hubo una buena correlación entre QFR y FFR (r =0,758; p0,8 pero QFR±0,8 en 3,7%; y FFR ±0,8 y QFR >0,8 en 3,7%. Así, el QFR tuvo una Sensibilidad: 90,9%, Especificidad: 93,8%; Valor Predictivo Positivo: 90,9%; Valor Predictivo Negativo: 93,8%; Likelihood Ratio Positivo: 14,55 y Likelihood Ratio Negativo: 0,1. La curva ROC mostró un área bajo curva: 0,923; 95% IC: 0,801-1,00. Conclusión: Los resultados del QFR en nuestra serie son similares a las mediciones de FFR. El uso de QFR podría ser una alternativa, rápida, económica y segura, en la evaluación fisiológica de lesiones coronarias. Se requieren mayores estudios clínicos para comprobar estos resultados.


ABSTRACT: Background: FFR is a gold standard used evaluate the severity of coronary artery lesions. QFR is a new non invasive technique for the same purpose based on the analysis of flow directly derived from routine coronary angiography, without additional intervention and with no induction of hyperemia. The aim was to compare the results obtained by QFR to those obtained by FFR in in terms of its predictive value. Method: Retrospective analysis of FFR measurements in routine coronary angiographic studies were compared to results obtained by means of QFR. Main left lesions were excluded. FFR was evaluated using pressure guides across the lesion under hyperemia induced by intracoronary or intravenous adenosine. Two orthogonal projections with no more than 25o difference between them were analyzed. The analysis was performed by two independent and operators blind to the results of FFR. The QAngioXA (Medis ®, Netherland) software was used in the analysis. Results: 35 coronary arteries were analyzed: LAD 57.1%, RCA 20.9%; Cx 20%. QFR was available for 27 arteries, the rest being discarded due to inadequate orientation of the artery. Mean QFR was 0.81 (SD 0.118). Mean difference between QFR and DD FFR was 0,04 (SD 0,006) (NS). Interobserver correlation was good (r=0.95, P 0.07). In only 7.4% of arteries there was a notable though not statistically significant difference between FFR and QFR, either due to under estimation or overestimation of lesion severity by QFR compared to FFR. Using FFR as a gold standard method QFR revealed sensitivity 90.9%, specificity 93.8%, The respective numbers for either positive or negative predictive values were the same. Area under the ROC curve was 0.923 (95% C.I. 0.01-1.00). Conclusion: this study reveals similar results of QFR compared to FFE in the estimation of coronary lesion severity. Given that QFR is a significantly less invasive and less expensive method than FFR, it may lead to an increased use of flow analysis in the determination of coronary artery lesion severity.


Assuntos
Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/fisiopatologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Reserva Fracionada de Fluxo Miocárdico , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Curva ROC , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Angiografia Coronária , Vasos Coronários/diagnóstico por imagem
5.
Catheter Cardiovasc Interv ; 97(6): E748-E757, 2021 05 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33058429

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To describe the characteristics of patients who undergo balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) for inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and report the mid-term outcomes. BACKGROUND: BPA has been recently introduced in Latin America. Mid-term results have not been published. METHODS: Prospective Chilean Registry of inoperable CTEPH patients who underwent BPA. Clinical variables were analyzed at baseline, after each procedure and at follow-up. Hemodynamic variables were recorded before and after the last BPA. RESULTS: Between August 2016 and September 2019, 22 patients (17 women), 59 ± 12.7 years, underwent 81 BPA and were followed for as long as 33.1 months (mean 17.3 ± 7.5). Mean pulmonary artery pressure decreased by 17.4% (51.1 ± 12 vs. 42.2 ± 13 mmHg, p = .001), pulmonary vascular resistance by 23.9% (766.7 ± 351 vs. 583 ± 346 dynes/s/cm-5 , p = .001), cardiac index increased by 8% (2.3 ± 0.54 vs. 2.5 ± 0.54 L/min/m2 , p = .012), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide decreased by 73.8% (1,685 ± 1,045 vs. 441.8 ± 276 pg/dl, p = .006), and 6-min walk distance improved by 135 m (316.7 ± 94 vs. 451.1 ± 113 m, p = .001). One patient (4.5%) developed lung reperfusion injury and four patients (18.2%) had minor bleeding (hemoptysis), after the procedure. There was no mortality associated with BPA. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm that BPA for inoperable CTEPH is a relatively safe procedure that improves clinical and hemodynamic parameters in the mid-term. This therapy should be considered as an alternative, mainly in places where access to PAH therapy or surgery is restricted.


Assuntos
Angioplastia com Balão , Hipertensão Pulmonar , Embolia Pulmonar , Angioplastia com Balão/efeitos adversos , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Hipertensão Pulmonar/etiologia , América Latina , Pulmão , Estudos Prospectivos , Artéria Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Pulmonar/cirurgia , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Resultado do Tratamento
6.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 39(3): 273-279, dic. 2020. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388066

RESUMO

Resumen: La revascularización coronaria híbrida busca combinar el beneficio de las técnicas quirúrgicas y percutáneas para un manejo óptimo de pacientes seleccionados con enfermedad coronaria obstructiva multivaso. Esto permite asociar el beneficio del puente de arteria mamaria interna izquierda a la arteria descendente anterior (ADA) y combinarlo con el implante de stents en lesiones no-ADA. El objetivo de este trabajo es hacer una revisión de la literatura disponible con énfasis en sus resultados clínicos comparados con la estrategia convencional.


Abstract: Hybrid coronary revascularization seeks to combine the benefit of surgical and percutaneous techniques for optimal management of selected patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. This allows combining the benefit of the left internal mammary artery bypass to the anterior descending artery (LAD) and stent deployment in non-LAD lesions. The objective of this manuscript is to review the available literature with emphasis on its clinical results compared to the conventional strategy.


Assuntos
Humanos , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/cirurgia , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/métodos , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos
7.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 39(2): 114-121, ago. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1138524

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: El cierre percutáneo del foramen oval permeable (FOP) se ha posicionado como el tratamiento de elección para la prevención secundaria de pacientes con infartos encefálicos (IE) criptogénicos asociados a FOP. OBJETIVO: Revisar los cierres de FOP realizados en nuestra institución, evaluando las características clínicas y del procedimiento, los resultados a mediano plazo luego del procedimiento y la tendencia en el número de intervenciones durante el período estudiado. MÉTODOS: Se incluyeron 101 pacientes consecutivos en que se realizó cierre de FOP, con una mediana de seguimiento de 4,6 años. Se analizaron las características basales de los pacientes, la indicación del cierre de FOP, el éxito del procedimiento y la presencia de shunt residual en ecocardiografía al año. Se realizó una encuesta telefónica estructurada a todos los pacientes, en la cual se preguntó por nuevo IE o crisis isquémica transitoria (CIT), otros eventos cardiovasculares y la presencia de sangrados. El seguimiento fue completado en el 95%. Se calculó el puntaje RoPE ("Risk of Paradoxical Embolism") el cual provee una estimación de la posibilidad de que ese IE se haya debido al FOP y del riesgo de repetir un nuevo IE en caso de no cerrar el FOP para cada paciente. RESULTADOS: La edad promedio fue de 49,1±13,7 años, con 53% mujeres. Sólo en 3 pacientes se diagnosticó una trombofilia. En 96 pacientes la indicación fue para prevención de embolía paradojal e IE (74% IE, 17% CIT y 4% embolía periférica), mientras que en 5% por síndrome de ortodeoxia/platipnea. El cierre de FOP fue exitoso en todos los pacientes. Shunt residual en ecocardiograma al año se observó en 5% - ninguno de estos pacientes presentó un nuevo evento encefálico durante el seguimiento. Se registraron 2 nuevos IE (4 IE por 1000 pacientes/año) y 1 nueva CIT (2 CIT por 1000 pacientes/año) en el seguimiento, con un promedio de presentación de 3,6 años post procedimiento. Esta tasa de eventos fue significativamente menor a lo predicho por el puntaje RoPE en nuestra cohorte. Se observó un marcado aumento en el número de procedimientos desde el año 2017 en adelante. CONCLUSIONES: En nuestra cohorte, el cierre de FOP fue un procedimiento exitoso y seguro. Se asoció a una baja tasa de nuevos eventos cerebrales, marcadamente menor a lo estimado por el puntaje de riesgo actualmente disponible (RoPE).


INTRODUCTION: The percutaneous closure of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been established as the preferred treatment for those with an ischemic stroke (IS) and associated PFO. AIMS: To review the PFO closure experience at our institution, characterizing the patients and procedures, mid-term results and the trend in the number of interventions during the study period. METHODS: One hundred and one consecutive patients undergoing PFO closure were included, with a median follow-up of 4.6 years. Baseline demographics, PFO closure indications, procedural success rates and residual shunt at 1-year were recorded. A telephonic survey was performed to complete follow-up, asking for new IS or transient ischemic attacks (TIA), other cardiovascular events and bleeding. Follow-up was completed by 95%. The RoPE score was calculated for each patient, providing an estimate of the chance a given IS being due to a PFO and the risk of a new event when the defect is not closed. RESULTS: Mean age was 49.1±13.7 years and 53% were females. Whereas the indication for PFO closure was paradoxical embolism in 96 patients (74% IS, 17% TIA and 4% peripheral embolism), in 5 it was for platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome. All patients had a successful PFO closure procedure. Residual shunt at 1 year was found in 5% - yet, none of these patients experienced a new stroke during the study period. During follow-up there were 2 new IS (4 IS per 1,000 patients/year) and 1 new TIA (2 TIA per 1,000 patients/year), with a mean incidence time of 3.6 years after the procedure. This rate of new events was significantly lower than the one predicted by the RoPE score. From 2017 onwards, there was a marked increase in the number of procedures performed at our institution. CONCLUSION: In this cohort, PFO closure was a successful and safe procedure. It was associated to a low rate of new cerebral events during mid-term follow-up, markedly lower than the RoPE predicted rate.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Forame Oval Patente/cirurgia , Dispositivo para Oclusão Septal , Seguimentos , Resultado do Tratamento , Embolia Paradoxal/prevenção & controle , Infarto Encefálico/prevenção & controle , Prevenção Secundária
8.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 39(2): 133-146, ago. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1138526

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: El tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) es una causa frecuente de morbimortalidad cardiovascular y la trombolisis local asistida por ultrasonido (TLUS) constituye una alternativa de tratamiento validada para pacientes de riesgo intermedio. No existen reportes del uso de esta tecnología en el ámbito nacional. MÉTODOS: Análisis descriptivo, prospectivo, sobre una serie de pacientes con TEP agudo, de riesgo intermedio, tratados en forma percutánea con trombolisis local asistida por catéter de ultrasonido terapéutico (EKOSonic®). Se analiza la eficacia y seguridad del procedimiento mediante variables clínicas, hemodinámicas y radiológicas, así como desenlaces intra hospitalarios. Se reporta, además, el seguimiento a 30 días. RESULTADOS: Entre Junio de 2019 y Marzo de 2020, 4 pacientes con TEP de riesgo intermedio fueron tratados con esta técnica. El score PESI (Pulmonary Embolism severity Index) promedio era de 79,5 + 6,1. Dos pacientes requirieron la instalación de 2 catéteres para efectuar terapia bilateral. Se observó una reducción promedio en la presión sistólica de arteria pulmonar de 29% y en 3 de los 4 enfermos se logró revertir la dilatación ventricular derecha presente al ingreso. La carga trombótica se redujo en un 20% medido por score CTOI. No hubo complicaciones intraoperatorias ni intrahospitalarias asociadas a la intervención. CONCLUSIONES: En esta serie inicial, el uso de la trombolisis local con catéter de ultrasonido en pacientes con TEP de riesgo intermedio fue segura y efectiva. Los resultados perioperatorios y a 30 días fueron comparables a los descritos en experiencias internacionales; sin embargo, aún se requieren de estudios con mayor número de pacientes para confirmar los beneficios de esta técnica en nuestro medio.


BACKGROUND: Pulmonary thromboembolism (PE) is a common cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and local ultrasound-assisted thrombolysis (USAT) is a validated alternative treatment for intermediate-risk patients. There are no reports on the use of this technology in our country. METHODS: Prospective series of patients with acute, intermediate-risk PE treated percutaneously with therapeutic ultrasound catheter-assisted local thrombolysis (EKOSonic®). The efficacy and safety of the procedure were analyzed using clinical, hemodynamic, and radiological variables, as well as intra-hospital outcomes. The 30-day follow-up is also reported. RESULTS: between June 2019 and March 2020, a total of 4 patients with intermediate-risk PE were treated with this technique. The average PESI score was 79.5 + 6.1. Two out of 4 patients required the use of 2 catheters for bilateral therapy. The average reduction in systolic pressure of the pulmonary artery was 29% and 3 patients reversed the right ventricular dilation present at admission. The thrombotic burden was reduced by 20% according to the Computed Tomography Obstruction Index (CTOI). There were no intraoperative or in hospital complications associated with the intervention. CONCLUSION: In this initial series, the use of local thrombolysis with an ultrasound catheter in patients with intermediate-risk PE was safe and effective. The perioperative and 30-day outcomes were similar to those previously reported in international series. However, larger randomized trials are needed to confirm this potential benefit.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Embolia Pulmonar/terapia , Terapia por Ultrassom , Cateteres , Trombólise Mecânica , Artéria Pulmonar , Embolia Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Segurança , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Doença Aguda , Estudos Prospectivos , Seguimentos , Função Ventricular , Resultado do Tratamento , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção , Hemodinâmica , Tempo de Internação
11.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 148(4): 548-552, abr. 2020. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1127095

RESUMO

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has a lower perioperative risk than traditional surgery mostly when the transfemoral access is used. Some patients have anatomical conditions that contraindicate the use of this route. Lithoplasty is a novel technique that fractures calcium in coronary and peripheral arteries using pulsatile waves transmitted through an angioplasty balloon. We report an 83 year-old male with an aortic stenosis requiring TAVI, with severe calcification of his femoral and aortic arteries. A balloon lithoplasty of the right iliac-femoral tract was carried out, which allowed the use of the transfemoral route to install the aortic prosthesis. The patient had a good subsequent evolution.


Assuntos
Humanos , Estenose da Valva Aórtica , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter , Fluoroscopia , Cateterismo Cardíaco , Resultado do Tratamento
12.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 39(1): 34-38, abr. 2020. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1115447

RESUMO

Recently, intravascular lithoplasty (IVL) has been introduced as a novel technique for treating calcified intracoronary artery lesions. There are no reports of this intervention in Latin America. We report 2 cases in which IVL was successfully used to treat this type of coronary artery lesions.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/terapia , Litotripsia/métodos , Aterectomia Coronária/métodos , Calcificação Vascular/terapia , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão
13.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 38(3): 173-181, dic. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058060

RESUMO

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: En pacientes con estenosis Aórtica (EA) severa sintomática, el implante de válvula aórtica percutánea transcatéter (TAVI) por vía transfemoral constituye el estándar de tratamiento en aquellos de riesgo quirúrgico intermedio o alto. El uso de un abordaje minimalista ha demostrado ser seguro y efectivo, si bien no existen reportes sobre la realidad nacional Métodos: Estudio descriptivo sobre la experiencia con pacientes sometidos al implante de TAVI bajo un protocolo minimalista en Unidad de Cardiología Intervencional y Hemodinamia del Hospital Sótero del Río desde Enero de 2018. Se analizaron las variables clínicas de los pacientes y del procedimiento así como desenlaces clínicos intrahospitalarios y seguimiento alejado. Resultados: Entre Enero 2018 hasta Abril 2019, un total de 10 pacientes fueron sometidos al implante de TAVI por vía transfemoral. El score STS-PROM promedio fue de 7,1. Se logró un implante exitoso en el 100% de los casos con un gradiente medio residual de 8 mmHg y sin leak moderado a severo en ningún paciente. No hubo eventos cerebrovasculares isquémicos perioperatorios ni muerte en este grupo. Se requirió implante de marcapasos definitivo en 3 pacientes y un paciente presentó hematoma femoral perioperatorio que requirió transfusión de glóbulos rojos. La mediana de la estadía hospitalaria fue de 2 días. Conclusiones: El uso de una estrategia minimalista para el implante de TAVI en nuestra realidad nacional es seguro y aplicable. Los resultados perioperatorios y a 30 días fueron comparables a los descritos en experiencias internacionales.


ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: In patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis, transcatheter percutaneous aortic valve implant (TAVI) is the standard treatment in those with intermediate or high surgical risk. The use of a minimalist approach has proven to be safe and effective, although there are no reports on the national reality Methods: Descriptive study on the experience with patients undergoing TAVI implantation under a minimalist protocol at the Interventional Cardiology and Hemodynamics Unit of the Hospital Sótero del Río since January 2018. Clinical characteristics of the patients and the procedure were analyzed as well as intrahospital outcomes and at 30-days follow up. Results: Between January 2018 and April 2019, a total of 10 patients underwent TAVI implantation by transfemoral approach in our institution. The average STS-PROM score was 7.1. A successful implant was achieved in 100% of cases with an average residual gradient of 8 mmHg and no moderate to severe leak in any patient. There were no perioperative ischemic cerebrovascular events nor death in this group. A definitive pacemaker implant was required in 3 patients and one patient developed femoral hematoma that required red blood cell transfusion. The median hospital stay was 2 days. Conclusions: The use of a minimalist strategy for TAVI implantation in our national reality is safe and applicable. Immediate results and at 30-days follow up were comparable to those described in international experiences.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/métodos , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter , Estenose da Valva Aórtica , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/terapia , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Resultado do Tratamento , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter/efeitos adversos , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter/instrumentação
14.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 147(10): 1350-1354, oct. 2019. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058605

RESUMO

We report a 65-years old woman with a history of permanent atrial fibrillation with high risk for ischemic and bleeding events. She developed a heart failure with severely impaired left ventricular ejection fraction and severe secondary mitral regurgitation. Given her high surgical risk, using transesophageal echocardiography guidance, a concomitant deployment of two MitraClip devices using a high-posterior septal puncture and a left atrial appendage closure with an Amplatzer Amulet occluder were performed through the same access.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Fibrilação Atrial/cirurgia , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/métodos , Apêndice Atrial/cirurgia , Dispositivo para Oclusão Septal , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Angiografia/métodos , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento , Ecocardiografia Transesofagiana
15.
Rev Med Chil ; 147(10): 1350-1354, 2019 Oct.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32186646

RESUMO

We report a 65-years old woman with a history of permanent atrial fibrillation with high risk for ischemic and bleeding events. She developed a heart failure with severely impaired left ventricular ejection fraction and severe secondary mitral regurgitation. Given her high surgical risk, using transesophageal echocardiography guidance, a concomitant deployment of two MitraClip devices using a high-posterior septal puncture and a left atrial appendage closure with an Amplatzer Amulet occluder were performed through the same access.


Assuntos
Apêndice Atrial/cirurgia , Fibrilação Atrial/cirurgia , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/métodos , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Dispositivo para Oclusão Septal , Idoso , Angiografia/métodos , Ecocardiografia Transesofagiana , Feminino , Humanos , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Resultado do Tratamento
16.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 37(3): 176-182, dic. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-977999

RESUMO

Resumen: Introducción Las fallas de los puentes venosos pueden llegar casi al 50% a 10 años y la angioplastía percutánea es el tratamiento de elección. Estos pacientes constituyen un grupo de muy alto riesgo cardiovascular con tasas de mortalidad cercanas al 30% en el mediano plazo. Objetivo Caracterizar a la población sometida a angioplastia de puentes coronarios (APC) y comparar su mortalidad con un grupo pareado de pacientes intervenidos con Infarto agudo al miocardio con elevación del segmento ST (IAMCEST). Métodos Estudio retrospectivo de tipo Caso-Control que incluyó a pacientes con APC entre los años 2010-2016 comparados con igual número de controles con IAMCEST pareados por edad y sexo. Se analizaron características clínicas del procedimiento y mortalidad, tanto global como de causa cardiaca usando T Student, Chi2 y curvas de Kaplan Meier. Resultados Se identificaron 63 pacientes sometidos a APC (total 76 procedimientos). Los puentes más comúnmente intervenidos fueron a la arteria circunfleja 48,7%. Hubo 18 (28,5%) pacientes fallecidos en el grupo APC y 6 (9,5%) pacientes en el grupo con IAM-CEST, lo que resultó en un exceso de mortalidad global en pacientes con APC (HR 3,02; IC 95% 1,11 - 8,22, p=0,02). Esta diferencia se debió a una mayor mortalidad de causa no cardiaca en el grupo APC (12,7% (n=8) vs 3,2% (n= 2) [p=0,04]). Conclusión Los pacientes sometidos a APC presentan una mortalidad 3 veces mayor que aquellos pacientes con IAMCEST, principalmente derivada de una mayor mortalidad no cardíaca.


Abstract: Background Failure rates of saphenous vein grafts can reach almost 50% at 10 years and percutaneous angioplasty is the treatment of choice. This is a group with a very high cardiovascular risk, with mid-term mortality rates close to 30%. Aim To describe the population undergoing coronary bypass angioplasty (CBA) and compare their mortality with an age and gender matched group of patients with acute myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation (STEMI) Methods This was a retrospective case-control study including patients with CBA between 2010-2016. This group was compared with the same number of controls with STEMI matched by age and sex. Clinical characteristics, procedure variables and overall mortality as well as cardiac mortality were analyzed using Student's T test, Chi squared test and Kaplan Meier curves (significance set at p <0.05). Results: We identified 63 patients undergoing CBA (76 procedures). The most commonly intervened bypasses were to the circumflex artery (48.7%). There were 18 (28.5%) patients who died in the CBA group and 6 (9.5%) patients in the STEMI group, which resulted in an excess of global mortality risk in patients with CBA (HR 3.02, 95% CI 1.11 - 8.22, p = 0.02). This difference was driven by a higher non-cardiac mortality in the CBA group (12.7% (n = 8) vs 3.2% (n = 2) [p = 0.04]) Conclusion Patients undergoing CBA have a mortality rate more than three times that of the STEMI patients, mainly due to a higher non-cardiac mortality.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/mortalidade , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST/mortalidade , Veia Safena , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Análise de Sobrevida , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/mortalidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Causas de Morte , Infarto do Miocárdio sem Supradesnível do Segmento ST/terapia
17.
Rev Med Chil ; 146(1): 68-77, 2018 Jan.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29806680

RESUMO

Recently, we have witnessed major improvements in cancer treatment. Early diagnosis and development of new therapies have reduced cancer-related mortality. However, these new therapies, along with greater patient survival, are associated with an increase in untoward effects, particularly in the cardiovascular system. Although cardiotoxicity induced by oncologic treatments affects predominantly the myocardium, it can also involve other structures of the cardiovascular system, becoming one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in those who survive cancer. The main objective of cardio-oncology is to achieve the maximum benefits of oncologic treatments while minimizing their deleterious cardiovascular effects. It harbors the stratification of patients at risk of cardiotoxicity, the implementation of diagnostic tools (imaging techniques and biomarkers) for early diagnosis, preventive strategies and early treatment options for the complications. Herein, we discuss the basic knowledge for the implementation of cardio-oncology units and their role in the management of cancer patients, the diagnostic tools available to detect cardiotoxicity and the present therapeutic options.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Cardiotoxicidade/etiologia , Cardiotoxicidade/prevenção & controle , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Radioterapia/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos/classificação , Biomarcadores , Humanos , Neoplasias/complicações , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Fatores de Risco
18.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 146(1): 68-77, ene. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-902623

RESUMO

Recently, we have witnessed major improvements in cancer treatment. Early diagnosis and development of new therapies have reduced cancer-related mortality. However, these new therapies, along with greater patient survival, are associated with an increase in untoward effects, particularly in the cardiovascular system. Although cardiotoxicity induced by oncologic treatments affects predominantly the myocardium, it can also involve other structures of the cardiovascular system, becoming one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in those who survive cancer. The main objective of cardio-oncology is to achieve the maximum benefits of oncologic treatments while minimizing their deleterious cardiovascular effects. It harbors the stratification of patients at risk of cardiotoxicity, the implementation of diagnostic tools (imaging techniques and biomarkers) for early diagnosis, preventive strategies and early treatment options for the complications. Herein, we discuss the basic knowledge for the implementation of cardio-oncology units and their role in the management of cancer patients, the diagnostic tools available to detect cardiotoxicity and the present therapeutic options.


Assuntos
Humanos , Radioterapia/efeitos adversos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Cardiotoxicidade/etiologia , Cardiotoxicidade/prevenção & controle , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Biomarcadores , Fatores de Risco , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Neoplasias/complicações , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos/classificação
19.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 35(3): 255-261, 2016. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-844298

RESUMO

Reportamos el caso de un hombre de 52 años, con antecedente de larga data de dolor torácico, estudiado el año 2005 con una coronariografía que descarta lesiones en las arterias epicárdicas. Se agrega luego de forma progresiva dolor y distensión abdominal. Sin controles hasta el año 2015, cuando se realiza una endoscopia digestiva alta que no objetiva hallazgos patológicos, encontrándose el paciente en fibrilación auricular e iniciando terapia. A fines del 2016 por persistencia y aumento de las molestias se hospitaliza en nuestro centro para estudio. Se realiza una ecocardiografía que evidencia; severa dilatación biauricular, buena función global y segmentaria bi-ventricular y un movimiento de rebote protodiás-tolico que aumentaba notoriamente en inspiración a nivel del septum interventricular. El pericardio se encontraba engrosado e hiperrefringente de forma difusa, con falta de deslizamiento entre sus hojas y movimiento en bloque de los tejidos blandos adyacentes. Presentaba además comportamiento reverso del anillo mitral al Doppler tisular y la vena cava inferior se encontraba dilatada y sin variación con el ciclo ventilatorio. Un sondeo cardíaco izquierdo y derecho descarta lesiones coronarias y corrobora la fisiología constrictiva. Se amplía el estudio con una tomografía computada de tórax que informa engrosamiento difuso y extensa calcificación del pericardio, además de signos de daño hepático crónico. Se realiza una pericardiotomia exitosa, los hallazgos del intraoperatorio e histopatológicos confirman el diagnóstico de pericarditis constrictiva calcificada. El paciente es dado de alta al quinto día postoperatorio sin incidentes.


We report the case of a 52 y.o. male, with longstanding history of chest pain. Coronariography performed in 2005 showed normal coronary arteries. In the following years he developed progressive abdominal bloating and pain, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was normal, but atrial fibrillation was diagnosed initiating therapy. During the year 2016 symptoms got worse, being admitted to our hospital. Echocardiography revealed severe biatrial enlargement, preserved bi-ventricular function, and a paradoxical bouncing motion of the interventricular septum which augmented during inspiration (septal bounce). The pericardium was thickened with absence of normal sliding between its layers, and traction of adjacent soft tissues was observed. Mitral ring tissue Doppler showed reversal of lateral and medial e' velocities. Inferior vena cava was dilated with no respiratory variation. Cardiac catheterization was consistent with constrictive pericarditis. Computed tomography confirm extensive pericardial calcification and thickness and found signs of chronic liver disease. Uneventful pericardiectomy was performed, intraoperative and histological findings confirm the diagnostic of calcified pericardial constriction, being discharged on the fifth day post-surgery.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pericardite Constritiva/diagnóstico por imagem , Calcinose , Pericardite Constritiva/diagnóstico , Pericardite Constritiva/cirurgia
20.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 35(2): 118-126, 2016. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-796797

RESUMO

Introducción: La coronarioectasia (CE), es una infrecuente forma de enfermedad coronaria, en que dilataciones coronarias coexisten con placas ateroes-cleróticas. Puede presentarse como cuadros agudos o crónicos, aún sin estenosis significativa. Distintas series lo han asociado a perfiles variados de factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Métodos: Se efectuó un estudio analítico de cohorte retrospectivo, evaluando las coronariografías realizadas en nuestro centro entre Junio de 2009 a Julio de 2015. Se definió CE como dilatación >1,5 veces comparado con el diámetro de la arteria de referencia. Se estudiaron factores de riesgo cardiovascular clásicos y se compararon con un grupo control elegido de forma aleatoria. Resultados: De 9648 coronariografías, 64 presentaban CE. La mayor parte eran hombres, de menor edad, con menos hipertensión arterial, diabetes e hiperlipidemia, comparados con los controles. En la mayoría de los casos la CE afectaba a 3 vasos (83,3%) y en solo 5 casos (28%) coexistía con estenosis. El análisis multivariado señaló como factores de riesgo significativos a la edad < 55 años (OR: 2,63, IC: 1,4 -4,9, p<0,05), Obesidad (OR: 3,2; IC:1,7-5,8, p<0,05) e Hiperlipidemia (OR: 0,09; IC: 0,016-0,54). Considerando los pacientes que se presentaron como SCA se observó que los pacientes con CE fueron más jóvenes (45,9 años; DE: 5,9 v/s 48,8 años; DE: 5,3; p=0,02), y con menos hiperlipidemia (OR:0,2; IC:0,06-0,7, p=0,01). Respecto a la obesidad, esta fue más preva-lente en pacientes con CE (OR: 2,49; IC: 0,956-6,4. p=ns). Conclusión: La CE es una entidad poco frecuente, que puede producir SCA aun en ausencia de estenosis significativa. Son pacientes más jóvenes y con menos antecedente de dislipidemia, por lo que en su patogenia aparentemente participan factores diferentes a los de la enfermedad ateroesclerótica obstructiva.


Background: Coronary ectasia (CE) is an uncommon condition where coronary artery dilatation coexists with atherosclerotic plaques. It may present as either acute or chronic syndromes even in the absence of coronary artery stenosis. Differences in risk factors associated to CE compared to those associated to usual CAD have been described. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed coronary arteriograms performed between June 2009 and July 2015. CE was defined as the presence of dilatation >1.5 times the diameter of the unaffected vessel. Cardiovascular risk factors were compared in CE vs a random sample of non-CE patients. Results: Out of 9648 coronary arteriograms 64 showed CE (9.5%). Compared to controls, CE patients were males, younger and hat lower prevalence or hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. CE was present in all 3 main vessels in 83.3% of CE patients and co-existed with significant stenosis in only 28%. Multivariate analysis showed that significant differences in risk factors were age <55 years (OR: 2.63; CI: 1.4 to 4.9, p <0.05), obesity (OR: 3 2; CI: 1.7 to 5.8, p <0.05) and hyperlipidemia (OR: 0.09; CI: 0.016 to 0.54). In patients presenting with an acute coronary syndrome, those with CE were younger (45,9 years; SD: 5,9 v/s 48,8 years; SD: 5,3; p=0,02), y and a lower prevalence or hyperlipidemia (OR:0,2; IC:0,06-0,7, p=0,01). Conclusion: CE is an infrequent condition in CAD. It may me associated to either acute or chronic syndromes. They are younger, have a lower prevalence of dyslipidemia suggesting that risk factors other than traditionally recognized in obstructive CAD influence de development of CE.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Dilatação Patológica/diagnóstico por imagem , Aterosclerose/diagnóstico por imagem , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda , Prognóstico , Análise Multivariada , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Angiografia Coronária , Medição de Risco , Dilatação Patológica/complicações , Aterosclerose/complicações , Estudo Observacional
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